Latex spacing units. com/r8qrd/medidas-de-tuercas-hexagonales-estandar.

Latex spacing units. This puts space between the two paragraphs.

Latex spacing units. “g C” (with a thin space) can mean only one thing, namely the product of the units gram and Coulomb. \si[detect-all]{N/m^2} versus N/m$^2$. Mar 22, 2008 · We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. in case \par follows, then that last glob of glue is removed, but not the main one. LaTeX formats mathematics the way it's done in mathematics texts. If you enter y=m x then LaTeX ignores the space and in the output the m is next to the x, as y=mx. Assume we have the next sets Aug 4, 2018 · LaTeX. Feb 27, 2024 · LaTeX has defined two commands that can be used anywhere in documents (not just maths) to insert some horizontal space. K^{-1}} \\ Sep 24, 2019 · 2. You can modify this redefinition as you desire. The "tight-spacing" option will only work with the 'normal' \times set up. \ (slash followed by a space) is one way to create whitespace in LaTeX, you could also try \,, for a comprehensive list, see this answer on TeX. The xspace package acts after the input processor and adds a space depending on the token following the control word. They come out all slanted and squished together when i use math mode and \frac. Inline math forms part of the regular text construction. which means that a paragraph is marked with indentation. 10. The end of such commands is indicated by a nonletter, i. The only exceptions […] , so I think the major point here is the multiplication, and the same typographic rules to indicate a multiplication may be applied, e. The spacing is caused by the caption package, which is loaded by subfig. I recommend \usepackage{setspace}. So, if you are using an 11pt font, then the space provided by \quad will also be 11pt (horizontally, of course. etoolbox has been loaded to avoid the deprecated ifthen package. expr. 3. Segletes Mar 17, 2017 at 14:25 Jan 1, 2013 · You can use siunitx, which supports both SI and binary prefixes (the latter, via the package option binary-units). Quite literally, you just have to put \vspace{-1em} or whatever unit of measure you fancy with a negative sign wherever you need the vertical white space reduced. Options 1 and 2 automatically generate the LaTeX code required to To manually set the current value of \parskip use LaTeX’s \setlength command; for example, to separate paragraphs by 3pt you can write: \setlength{\parskip}{ 3pt } The following example demonstrates the use of \parskip : \documentclass{ article } % Choose a conveniently small page size \usepackage[paperheight=16cm,paperwidth=12cm,textwidth Jan 10, 2016 · Stack Overflow Public questions & answers; Stack Overflow for Teams Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers; Talent Build your employer brand Apr 13, 2017 · So, in our example, the final inserted glue can vary between 1. After searching the web, I understood that I should use load \usepackage{siunitx} with appropriate option in \siset{}. But LaTeX’s rules occasionally need tweaking. dd: Didot point (1157 dd = 1238 pt) cc: cicero (12 dd) sp: Scaled point (65536 sp = 1 pt ), the smallest TeX unit. Because \unit should behave as \SI when an optional argument is given and as \si when only a unit is given, some trickery is involved. For example, I use \unit{\J \kg^{-1} \K^{-1}} to typeset the corresponding unit. An online LaTeX editor that’s easy to use. (See \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip, for common inter-paragraph spaces. The spacing introduced will be slightly smaller than normal text, but should still be acceptable. I'm not sure how to make the units show as units, or, at least, not as italics. a floating point number followed by a unit, optionally followed by a stretching value; 3. Introduction. negativ spacings within math in LATEX. Feb 16, 2019 · Hyperbolic functions The abbreviations arcsinh, arccosh, etc. @MarcoDaniel One should use \si[inter-unit-product = \ensuremath{{}\cdot{}}] to get the corrected spacing. Option italian added to solve interference problem with the babel package Here's an example that adjust the space before and after the \subparagraph unit: {2\baselineskip \@plus1ex \@minus . If the command produces text and you want a space to follow this text, you cannot just leave a space after the command; that space The three basic commands to produce the nomenclatures are: \makenomenclature. Thus, a \thickspace is something like 5/18 times the width of a ‘M’. White space can be added either horizontally or vertically. \si[detect-all]{N/m} is the same as N/m. description. \linespread{1. a floating point factor followed by a macro that expands to a length. \, - a thin space. >} Oct 9, 2012 · 1378. Can the space between the value and the unit be added automatically, when units are written using the SIunits package? The package gives the following two options to add units: $500\kelvin$ $\unit{500}{\kelvin}$ Only the latter adds seperation between value and unit. K(x,y) You can, of course, specify any space around the \cdot with \mspace or the primitive \mkern which both take dimensions in mu (math unit: mu = 1/18 em): {{\mkern 2mu\cdot\mkern 2mu}} Apr 19, 2021 · You can load the package with option free-standing-units, then define \DeclareSIUnit\megapascal{\mega\pascal} to allow \megapascal in document scope. We can finally state the algorithm: \vspace{\baselineskip}% Insert a blank line. 6 Further reading. Jan 23, 2020 · You are specifically looking at spacing in math. , conjunctions); symbols of integration, summation, or union; and signs for Jun 20, 2017 · A new paragraph should normally be marked by either indentation or an empty row, but not both. Joined: Tue Jul 01, 2008 12:19 pm. Mar 17, 2017 · And even if it is more than just an isolated case, you could clarify, for example, space around relational symbols, space between variables, etc. Package siunitx knows about this and does it automatically right for you. And you can use \hskip primitive for creating normal space by. If you want to introduce automatic spacing before or after \text, your best option is probably to make \text behave like an operator ( \mathop ), which is the closest thing to text inside math mode. 1. 33333pt plus 1. Apr 22, 2016 · 18. Adaptive spacing of \degree, \paminute, \arcminute, \pasecond and \arcsecond: no space between quantity and unit. Thanks. In my opinion, the only places that might justify adding some space are just between the quantifiers. When \hspace*{1cm} is called, LaTeX uses the internal command \@hspacer, which does. Feb 23, 2015 · Computer Modern roman at 10 pt gives the following result: space: 3. Mar 21, 2017 · Manually insert a \vspace{<len>} between the text and the algorithm, ensuring that you are in vertical mode. 18mu = 1em. I'm using the symbol \\otimes as a unary operator and it's vertical alignment doesn't seem right to me. From its documentation: Utilities and documentation related to TeX dimensional units, usable: with Plain TeX: \input texdimens. Solved bug: extra space in ready to use ready-to-use units when using texts-tyle option. Edit: Is there a way I can do this formatting without having to type in num (from siunitx) for every single number? If you rather want to reproduce the spacing from 5 \cdot x you can use empty groups to fake them. TeX automatically lengthens spaces after a period, that is, spacing between sentences is slightly longer than between words. I know that I can manually add a thin space by typing: $3 \, q$. Keeping numbers and units together (no space breaking) Many packages have been written to address one or other aspect of this question. That's why there is some stretch in \medmuskip and \thickmuskip , which allows spacing around math operators/operands to change depending on their location within the paragraph text. \renewcommand*{\@seccntformat}[1]{\csname the#1\endcsname\hspace{1cm}} \makeatother. The aim is to have one package to handle all of the Calling these spacing commands is a bit misleading they are all commands to set boxes of specified dimensions. 1 Plain TeX. Table 3 lists the ‘accepted’ units. The package also provides backward-compatibility with SIunits, sistyle, unitsdef and units. If you are using a centred dot, you need to alter the set up you use to. 12,345. " improper: Here is how I would do it: \documentclass{article} \usepackage{siunitx} \begin{document} oindent You can write ``\verb|\SI{80}{\um} \times \SI{1. 67. Thus \hspace*{1cm} forms, so to speak, an indivisible unit that will never be taken as a break point, nor will disappear at line breaks. 2 Spaces. In order to use mu units you need \mskip or \mkern. – fudo. Spacing. ) The *-form inserts vertical space that is non-discardable. I'm trying to type out conversions, like (for example) 5 lbf * (4. 23}{J. For example, in an integral the tradition is to put a small extra space between the f(x) and the dx, here done with the \, command: \int_0^ 1 f (x)\,dx. but this is only for illustration purposes. \printnomenclatures. This can be done by using the text-relative units em and ex: big y tin y {\Large{}big\hspace{1em}y} \\ {\tiny{}tin\hspace{1em}y} 6/22 This article shows the most basic commands needed to get started with writing maths using LaTeX. s^-1. Postby josephwright » Sat Oct 15, 2011 8:30 pm. For the parentheses and the binary symbol, spacing is fine: This function formats the units in the same way as described for \siunitx_unit_-format:nN. {\baselineskip}%. If the suggested commands don't give you fine enough control, you can use \setstretch{factor}. The optional argument to \printnomenclature sets the space available for the symbols. You can even define your own units via \DeclareSIUnit (though that is not necessary here since binary units are already defined in the library). Feb 20, 2011 · To double space a LaTeX document, you should include the line. Writers use formatting techniques to differentiate textual elements from Oct 14, 2011 · Run LaTeX here. Could anyone explain how I write units properly in LaTeX? In the form kg. Setting the font: many guidelines call for units to be in upright roman font with no bold or italic variation. Spacing around operators and relations in math mode are governed by specific skip widths: \end{ align* } Open this example in Overleaf. Jul 16, 2023 · There is zero spacing my units. g. 47): a space is always used to separate the unit from the number. to express a dimension originally in a given unit in mm units. With this in mind, here's an extract from TeX by Topic (section 23. (As opposed to some other languages, like CSS. 2cm, depending on the size of the box which contains that glue. The power of the package becomes more evident when you use complex units, which quickly become awkward to typeset correctly. Mixing in information like C for carbon with the units is a cardinal sin. , are commonly used for inverse hyperbolic trigonometric functions (area hyperbolic functions), even though they are misnomers, since the prefix arc is the abbreviation for arcus, while the prefix ar stands for area. \hspace {1cm} word 1 → ← word 2. This is also the default setting of the LaTeX packages units and siunitx. It includes the following units: gram, squared meter, second, and molar mass. A number of new ideas have been incorporated, to fill gaps in the existing provision. Many of these spacing definitions are expressed in terms of the math unit mu. Nov 22, 2012 · \begin{Spacing}{0. You might also want unit-optional-argument to allow \megapascal[10], or space-before-unit to allow 10\megapascal to work. 66666pt minus 1. ) These units can just be added directly behind the number. e. 4 LaTeX default lengths. So far I've been using a code like this: Dec 5, 2016 · The Chicago Manual of Style (sec. \; ¶ Synonym: \thickspace. Apart from line breaking, there's another reason to write Dr. 2. For instance, you can set an image to have a width of one quarter the 4. josephwright. Use the SIunits package. The exponent is combined with any prefix for the first unit of the units , and an updated prefix is introduced. Site Moderator. For example, if I define \ewcommand{\\myop}{\\ensurem 6. 39. The number 0 needs a unit as well. mol^{-1}. They are just too used to write \AA. \if\relax\detokenize{#1}\relax. \doublespacing. For that, a common spacing measure would be mus. I have tried to add sisetup with inter-unit-product = \, but there is no change. \! - a negative 83. \begin{algorithm}[H] I find that if I typeset $3 q$, I find the 3 and the q a bit too close to each other. And I slept. \si{#2} \else. If needed, I am using the extbook environment. Used to define the nomenclature entries themselves. document. Copy and paste an image into Visual Editor or Code Editor. This should be avoided (using ~ or \ ) when a period does not end a sentence. Horizontal Spacing Control Font Size and hspacefg When using horizontal space together with text, it may make sense to make the space adjust its size relative to the size of the current font. Any help in getting some spacing between these units is welcome. 5 Fixed-length spaces. A package texdimens appears to reply to this question, i. 9} tightly spaced text \end{Spacing} There are also SingleSpace , OnehalfSpace and DoubleSpace environments; starred versions of those that do not automatically add \vskip\baselineskip at the end; various crutches to fine-tune everything; etc. {ormalfontormalsize\bfseries\SS@subparafont}} Note that sectsty is assuming that your working with a document class for which the sectional units use \@startsection without modification from the Apr 10, 2013 · You can use \raisebox to move it up. mm: Millimeter. The oldest trick in the book is vspace. that every time a number precedes a variable, a thin space is added. Available in math mode: mu: math unit, 1 em = 18 mu, where em is taken from the math symbols family, various lengths are derived from it ( thinspace May 14, 2018 · With a few adjustments your table can fit without rotation and in the normal font size. \vspace{1 ex plus 0. \parskip=0pt plus 1pt. Definition: ewcommand{\arnold}{Arnold Schwarzenegger\xspace} 1. Is there a package I could use to insert a space instead of a comma for large numbers? For example, 12 345. I recommend the standard interface in which units are an argument to \SI. Horizontal. (This was fixed in version 3 of Firefox. 5 ex} The new day dawned cold. The framework of the desired code should be something like this: \usepackage{siunitx} Jun 13, 2017 · To get correct spacing you should use ${}\cdot{}$. By default (at least in article, book and report) they are set to. This puts space between the two paragraphs. However, this method doesn’t always work. Jul 18, 2020 · Tip 2: Adjust spacing. using a thin space. Like Bernard said in the comment, to get your sections and texts get stuck to each other without unnecessary whitespaces, you need to add something like this: \usepackage[compact]{titlesec} % you need this package. +1. Here are 5 versions of your formula, with the normal spacing, and adding \,, \:, \; and \. Use the Insert Figure button ( ), located on the editor toolbar, to insert a figure into Visual Editor or Code Editor. I've seen how you can use \si{N}, but lbf isn't an SI unit, and I don't know how to combine \si with \frac. Sometimes it becomes wider and sometimes shorter. In tables the table rows are stacked one above the other with no spacing, and even spacing is achieved by adding a \strut a 0-width is the product of the number and the unit, the space being regarded as a multiplication sign. 4482 N / 1 lbf)= etc etc. Default lengths can be set to any desired value up to a maximum of approximately 16384pt (or 5. In TeX, a length is. " improper: The case where unit is negative does not display properly in the Firefox browser. siunitx also provides a way to add spacing in literal mode by putting a period or tilde in between units. 12. They are normally used in equations if you want to adjust the spacing slightly: is the product of the number and the unit, the space being regarded as a multiplication sign. Nov 20, 2011 · This adjusts the space for all section headings, and also for sub (sub)sections to 1cm: \makeatletter. 11111pt. m^2} or \unit{kg~m^2} \unit{\kilogram\meter\squared} A LaTeX \rule has one optional argument -- its depth, given in square brackets; a non-negative length parameter that indicates how much it protrudes below the baseline; if not provided, the default value of 0pt is used -- and two mandatory arguments: the rule's width (0pt in both cases since we're creating "invisible" rules) and the rule's The space between the number and the unit is regarded as a multiplication sign (just as a space between units implies multiplication). There are many lengths in LaTeX. ) The si also lists a number of units which have special names and symbols: these are listed in Table 2. There should be a space between the numeric value and the measurements unit; No Italic, the symbols for units and SI prefixes are roman; A dot is sometimes used to separate the units symbols multiplied ; But I am not sure what is the best way to transform these guidelines into LaTeX code. Since I'm loading lipsum with the [nopar] option, none of the calls to \lipsum[. Thanks to Svend Tollak Munkejord. Lucky for you, LaTeX allows you to redefine command. with LaTeX: \usepackage{texdimens} [] \texdimenmm{<dim. As you see, the way the equations are displayed depends on the Lengths may be negative. – Steven B. Note that for best results, the S column should have a specification of the format (number of digits in the integral and decimal part and possible minus sign). If you want different spacing, LaTeX provides the following four commands for use in math mode: \; - a thick space. Explore all plans Sign up for free. That is, also leave a blank line between the two or insert an explicit \par. . In the document body, don't use \parskip but a blank line to separate paragraphs. Here is an example. So you can do one of the following options to add spacing: \unit{kg. Using lengths as units. 16) suggests medium space (a ¼ em) before and after signs for binary operations (i. LaTeX sets up things so that these spaces have always stretchable and shrinkable parts Mar 25, 2015 · 1. 17. Takes two arguments, the symbol and the corresponding description. ) (This was fixed in version 3 of Firefox. 2ex}%. The \qtymacro combines the functionality of umand \unit, and makes this both possible and easy. In addition to the oficial si units, siunitx also provides macros for a number of units which are accepted for use in the si although they are not si units. Correctly presenting awkward symbols such as the micro symbol. for example: \(\mathrm{m}=1 \si{\kilo\gram}\) I can overcome this in inline math mode doing this: Sep 24, 2015 · With space: 10 mA; without space: 10mA; with narrow space: 10 mA. It works with KOMA-Script classes as well, as I notice your koma-script tag. 3 Length manipulation. You can use the \setstretch in multiple places in your It can be changed by using LaTeX’s \setlength command; for example, to indent paragraphs by 15pt set \parindent to 15pt by writing: \setlength{\parindent}{ 15pt } Note that: you can change \parindent within a group, ensuring its effect is localized to paragraphs in that group; 5. The setting 0pt plus 1pt on \parskip means it is a rubber space (skip), that it is 0pt 7. ) Space Sep 23, 2014 · Latex by default justifies text to both sides which affects the spacing between words. 5pt plus 1pt minus 2pt. ] are paragraphs. Discover why 16 million people worldwide trust Overleaf with their work. This is Uri's answer. \usepackage{setspace} after your \documentclass line. – David. They are \quad and \qquad. Jan 26, 2018 · 1. Option 6: Use the xspace package and add \xspace at the end of the definition. This command will print the nomenclatures list. Knuth in the TeXbook described the following spacing commands: \, thin space (normally 1/6 of a quad); \> medium space (normally 2/9 of a quad); \; thick space (normally 5/18 of a quad); \! negative thin space (normally 1/6 of a quad). 25}{\mm}|'' and get 8. •. \hskip \fontdimen2\font plus\fontdimen3\font minus\fontdimen4\font. simply by issuing the appropriate command. 1 Units. The siunitx package takes the best from the existing packages, and adds new features and a consistent interface. \mspace {18mu} word 1 → ← word 2. I believe this is meant to be the default anyway. ex: Nominal x-height. This example produces the following output: For relational operators, such as < <, > > and = =, LaTeX establishes \thickmuskip space. I wonder whether there is a list that indicates the meaning and intended use of each Jun 7, 2019 · The most secure way is to do it with siunitx: the macro \SI{1}{\MHz} will typeset it correctly, with a thin space between the number and the unit, and no space inside the unit. No installation, real-time collaboration, version control, hundreds of LaTeX templates, and more. I want this setting for whole document. It is defined as 1/18 em, where the em is taken from the current math symbols family (see Units of length). Contents. For instance, \enskip, \enspace, \quad, \parskip, \smallskip, Some of them are mostly used for vertical spacing, some others are mostly used for horizontal spacing, and perhaps some of them are used in both cases. Cross-referencing: LaTeX allows for easy cross-referencing of equations and other elements within a document, making it easy to navigate and refer back to specific Dec 6, 2016 · Below is a couple of examples showing insertions of vertical space between two pieces of text. edited Jun 7, 2019 at 12:28. \[ x^n + y^n = z^n \] \end{ document } Open this example in Overleaf. If you load amsmath you have \mspace, that's preferable to \mskip in the same way \hspace is preferable to \hskip. Most LaTeX commands consist of a \ followed by a string of letters. LaTeX's length parameters can also be used as units to set the dimensions of other L a T e X elements. Feb 7, 2011 · you can use \linespacing{factor}: Use. But for binary operators such as + +, − − and × ×, the \medmuskip Consistency: LaTeX provides consistent formatting and spacing of mathematical expressions throughout the document, ensuring that equations are properly aligned and easy to read. will make the text of the whole document double spaced, but footnotes, figures, and tables will still be single-spaced. The advantage of using a package is that you get set the numbers and units in a consistent typographycal way. instead of . Feb 4, 2019 · I'm new to latex and trying to figure out the notation. Jan 16, 2011 · 40. Note that SI units are to be typeset in roman type, not italics! And please don't mix information and units. . Should be \protect ed when used in fragile commands (like \caption and sectional headings); 358. Impact: 0* additional characters. Reading your comments, you would like to keep your \unit command working. So Joseph's solution works when using the macros but I ran into the same problem but while using the 'literal mode'. own spacing. omenclature. Share. Formatting refers to most things to do with appearance including text style and spacing. Unit spacing: There is a space between the numerical value and unit symbol, even when the value is used in an adjectival sense, except in the case of superscript units for plane angle. Jul 9, 2018 · For simple units, as in your example, using an siunitx macro produces the same output as typing the characters in directly. Oct 6, 2017 · So you see the same thing if you use \baselinestretch to doublespace rows, the height and depth of a line is increased so typically the space above the top line is increased by more than the space below the last. We then set each line as an \item whose label is the symbol, followed by a paragraph of fixed width containing the description, followed by a box for dimensions and finally a box for units. There is a fundamental difference between \hskip and \mskip: the latter uses the em relative to the symbol font in the current style (so it will be smaller in subscripts, for Thus LaTeX provides the \hspace* variant. For example, \siunitx_unit_format_combine_exponent:nnN { \metre \per \second } { 3 } \l_tmpa_tl. It wants to sit a bit below the baseline. The most suitable Unicode character for this is U+202F (narrow no-break space). se, although some may not work with Matlab's LaTeX interpreter. The number and unit arguments work exactly like those for the umand \unitmacros, respectively. The \hfill command fills the rest of the current line with white space. Posts: 814. The SI Standard says (p. \: - a medium space. All of my numbers are in math mode. 7 \textwidth. proper: a 25 kg sphere an angle of 2° 3' 4" If the spelled-out name of a unit is used, the normal rules of English apply: "a roll of 35-millimeter film. size. \qty[mode = text]{1. Improve this answer. K({}\cdot{},y) does look more like something like. ~House, that is… spacing. Mar 25, 2015 at 0:02. You can adjust the two parameters aboveskip and belowskip provided by caption using something like \captionsetup{belowskip=12pt,aboveskip=4pt} in your preamble. Here is a before and after comparison: But you really should consider using display mode which produces good results with the math on its own line. LaTeX provides the commands that follow for use in math mode. K^{-1}} \\ Apr 17, 2018 · I often use the \si[]{} command from the siunitx package in math mode to avoid formatting the units using \mathrm{} and superscripts, however when doing this there is no space displayed at all between the numbers and the units, it looks weird. Follow. 75 metres), a hard-coded limit built into TeX engines. For other tricks, read on. \titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{0pt}{0pt} % this reduces space between (sub)sections to 0pt, for example. 1 Introduction. Writing basic equations in LaTeX is straightforward, for example: proved to be invalid for other exponents. I want to show some units in a fraction in math mode. More precisely, LaTeX discards vertical space at a page break and the *-form causes the space to stay Jan 22, 2012 · In particular, section 11 Space (p 28 onward). 2 Box lengths. BTW, there's normally no need to add manual line breaks ( \\) in the text. A \quad is a space equal to the current font size. Before your \begin{document} command. However I prefer a tighter spacing by $\cdot$. Spaces after Commands. em: Nominal m-width. Usually put right after importing the package. To set his behavior for the whole document you can specify the option via \sisetup. At best one can hope that they use \mathrm{\AA} (so Angstrom doesn't appear as italic in math formulas). oindent. There are a number of horizontal spacing macros for LaTeX: \hphantom{<stuff>} inserts space of length equivalent to <stuff> in math or text mode. Dec 29, 2023 · This section will guide you through text-formatting techniques. Sometimes you have to use a spatium ( \,) between number and unit, sometimes not. , a number, a punctuation mark, a space, or the end of the line. It is very frequent that the "outer box" is the page, and the glue is vertical space between paragraphs or environments. 4 User-defined binary and relational operators. Normally the lines are not spread, so the default line spread factor is 1. Formatting may also refer to paragraph and page layout, here we will focus on the customization of words and sentences. The German Wikipedia page about en-dashes says that you should use a non-breaking space near the part of the sentence that gets separated – which basically means the same thing (“Der Gedankenstrich ist immer durch ein Leerzeichen vom umgebenden Text zu trennen. Feb 23, 2013 at 13:46. In a math environment, LaTeX ignores the spaces you type and puts in the spacing that it thinks is best. The space between the number and the unit in \SI{}{} command seems to be not affected by the justification, which makes the number-unit pair look a bit strange in a slightly stretched sentance. Use Code Editor to write LaTeX code that inserts a graphic and places it inside a figure environment. Top. Adjusting (La)TeX's default math mode spacing can be useful in certain situations; let's see an example: \documentclass{ article } \usepackage{ amssymb } \begin{ document } . However, I was wondering if there was a way to automate this, i. 3 Operators spacing. Just load the parskip package and don't change the \parskip and \parindent lengths manually. 9cm and 2. 5 Reference guide. \parindent=15pt. @egreg answer is correct but in the community is hard to convince others (reluctant-TeX) collaborators to use \mbox{ormalfont\AA} or \text{ormalfont\AA} to write Angstrom units. 6} for "double" line spacing. cm: Centimeter. 6 Mathematical spacing: mu glue): Spacing around mathematical objects is measured in mu units. \rlap, \llap \clap are essentially \makebox[0pt][r], \makebox[0pt][l] and \makebox[0pt][c] except they can avoid the complication of looking for optional arguments etc. \phantom{<stuff>} is similar, inserting a horizontal and vertical space that matches <stuff>. As such, in the first instance, \lipsum[1]<space>\lipsum[2] is actually a single paragraph. pj sq sd rk hp ri ra ds dh sn